BIOENERGETICS

In an oxidation process 14135 KJ energy is released, how many moles of glucose are consumed during this process?

Solution

In an oxidation process, the energy released corresponds to the consumption of glucose. The correct number of moles of glucose consumed when 14135 KJ of energy is released is 5 moles.

Stage of aerobic respiration that takes place at the cristae of mitochondria is called:

Solution

The stage of aerobic respiration that takes place at the cristae of mitochondria is called the Electron Transport Chain.

In a process of cellular respiration, 180 ATP molecules are produced. How many moles of glucose are consumed during this process?

Solution

In cellular respiration, the production of 180 ATP molecules corresponds to the consumption of 5 moles of glucose.

Loss of electron and proton is called:

Solution

The loss of an electron and proton is specifically referred to as an oxidation reaction.

Each mole of ATP stores energy:

Solution

Each mole of ATP stores approximately 7.3 kcal of energy.

Fundamental molecule produced during photosynthesis is:

Solution

The fundamental molecule produced during photosynthesis is glucose.

Light-dependent reaction takes place in:

Solution

Light-dependent reactions take place in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts.

Reaction in which solar energy is transferred to glucose from ATP and NADPH₂ takes place in stroma called:

Solution

The reaction in which solar energy is transferred to glucose from ATP and NADPH₂ is known as the dark reaction or Calvin cycle, and it takes place in the stroma.

Splitting of water in the presence of light is called:

Solution

The splitting of water in the presence of light is called photolysis.

Splitting of glucose (glycolysis) releases a small amount of energy which is enough to generate:

Solution

The splitting of glucose during glycolysis releases enough energy to generate 2 ATP molecules.

What is the primary source of energy for life on Earth?

Solution

The primary source of energy for life on Earth is the Sun.

The study of energy conversion in living organisms is termed:

Solution

The study of energy conversion in living organisms is termed bioenergetics.

In which molecule is energy stored in living organisms?

Solution

Energy is primarily stored in the molecule ATP in living organisms.

Plants synthesize glucose and oxygen using which raw materials?

Solution

Plants synthesize glucose and oxygen using CO₂ and H₂O.

What term describes feeding relationships in an ecosystem?

Solution

The term that describes feeding relationships in an ecosystem is a food chain.

Which process releases free oxygen (O₂) by splitting water?

Solution

Photosynthesis is the process that releases free oxygen (O₂) by splitting water.

The semifluid protein-filled region inside chloroplasts is called:

Solution

The semifluid protein-filled region inside chloroplasts is called the stroma.

Chloroplast pigments absorb light based on:

Solution

Chloroplast pigments absorb light based on wavelength.

The breakdown of food to release energy is known as:

Solution

The breakdown of food to release energy is known as respiration.

How much energy (max) is released per mole of glucose during respiration?

Solution

The maximum energy released per mole of glucose during respiration is approximately 2827 KJ.

Energy conversion in living organisms occurs during which type of reaction?

Solution

Energy conversion in living organisms occurs during oxidation-reduction reactions.

What is the primary energy source for metabolic reactions in cells?

Solution

The primary energy source for metabolic reactions in cells is ATP.

Which process produces organic molecules and oxygen (O₂) using sunlight?

Solution

Photosynthesis is the process that produces organic molecules and oxygen using sunlight.

Chlorophyll in plants is located in which part of the cell?

Solution

Chlorophyll in plants is located in the chloroplast.

What is the primary product of photosynthesis?

Solution

The primary product of photosynthesis is glucose.

Photosynthesis splits H₂O to release:

Solution

Photosynthesis splits H₂O to release O₂.

Which step of photosynthesis occurs in the thylakoid membrane?

Solution

The light-dependent reaction occurs in the thylakoid membrane during photosynthesis.

ATP and NADPH are produced during which phase of photosynthesis?

Solution

ATP and NADPH are produced during the light-dependent reaction of photosynthesis.

Where does the light-independent reaction (Calvin cycle) occur?

Solution

The light-independent reaction, or Calvin cycle, occurs in the stroma of the chloroplast.

Formation of ATP using light energy is termed:

Solution

The formation of ATP using light energy is termed photophosphorylation.

Which is NOT a limiting factor for photosynthesis?

Solution

Oxygen levels are not a limiting factor for photosynthesis.

Breakdown of food molecules to release energy in cells is called:

Solution

The breakdown of food molecules to release energy in cells is called respiration.

Anaerobic respiration occurs in the absence of:

Solution

Anaerobic respiration occurs in the absence of O₂.

Alcoholic fermentation is a type of:

Solution

Alcoholic fermentation is a type of anaerobic respiration.

Which step of aerobic respiration occurs in the cytosol?

Solution

Glycolysis is the step of aerobic respiration that occurs in the cytosol.

In the Krebs cycle, pyruvic acid is broken down to produce:

Solution

In the Krebs cycle, pyruvic acid is broken down to produce CO₂, NADH, and FADH₂.

Oxidation of NADH and FADH₂ occurs in which stage of respiration?

Solution

The oxidation of NADH and FADH₂ occurs in the electron transport chain.

The electron transport chain in mitochondria occurs at the:

Solution

The electron transport chain in mitochondria occurs at the cristae.

Energy from glucose oxidation is stored primarily in:

Solution

Energy from glucose oxidation is stored primarily in ATP.

Bioenergetics is the study of:

Solution

Bioenergetics is the study of energy transfer and transformation in organisms.

In oxidation reactions, what is LOST?

Solution

In oxidation reactions, both electrons and protons are lost.

Reduction involves the:

Solution

Reduction involves the gain of electrons and H⁺ ions.

ATP stands for:

Solution

ATP stands for Adenosine Tri-Phosphate.

How much energy is stored in one mole of ATP?

Solution

One mole of ATP stores approximately 7.3 kcal of energy.

ATP synthesis from ADP is a/an:

Solution

ATP synthesis from ADP is an endergonic process.

Breaking down ATP releases energy, making it a/an:

Solution

Breaking down ATP releases energy, making it an exergonic process.

Which process directly powers cellular work like molecule transport?

Solution

The breakdown of ATP directly powers cellular work like molecule transport.

Which organisms carry out photosynthesis?

Solution

Photosynthesis is carried out by plants, algae, some bacteria, and protozoans.

What is the primary role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis?

Solution

The primary role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis is to absorb light energy and convert it into chemical energy.

The balanced chemical equation for photosynthesis is:

Solution

The balanced chemical equation for photosynthesis is \(6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂\).

Light-dependent reactions occur in which part of the chloroplast?

Solution

Light-dependent reactions occur in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast.

What is photolysis?

Solution

Photolysis is the splitting of water into oxygen, H⁺, and electrons.

Which products of the light-dependent reactions power the Calvin cycle?

Solution

ATP and NADPH are the products of the light-dependent reactions that power the Calvin cycle.

The Calvin cycle occurs in the:

Solution

The Calvin cycle occurs in the stroma of the chloroplast.

What is the primary purpose of cellular respiration?

Solution

The primary purpose of cellular respiration is to release energy from food molecules.

Which molecule is the main reactant in aerobic respiration?

Solution

Glucose is the main reactant in aerobic respiration.

Breathing is specifically linked to which process?

Solution

Breathing is specifically linked to gaseous exchange.

Anaerobic respiration in yeast produces:

Solution

Anaerobic respiration in yeast produces ethanol and CO₂.

Muscle fatigue during intense exercise is caused by the accumulation of:

Solution

Muscle fatigue during intense exercise is caused by the accumulation of lactic acid.

How many ATP molecules are generated per glucose in aerobic respiration?

Solution

In aerobic respiration, approximately 36 ATP molecules are generated per glucose.

Glycolysis occurs in the:

Solution

Glycolysis occurs in the cytosol.

The Krebs cycle takes place in the:

Solution

The Krebs cycle takes place in the matrix of mitochondria.

Which stage of aerobic respiration produces the most ATP?

Solution

The Electron Transport Chain produces the most ATP during aerobic respiration.

What is a key difference between photosynthesis and respiration?

Solution

A key difference between photosynthesis and respiration is that respiration occurs in mitochondria, while photosynthesis occurs in chloroplasts.