CELL CYCLE

Which processes involve mitosis?

Solution

Mitosis is involved in growth, repair, and asexual reproduction. It does not involve reduction division, which is a part of meiosis.

What occurs in metaphase of mitosis?

Solution

During metaphase of mitosis, chromosomes align at the equatorial plane of the cell.

Select the mismatched pair:

Solution

The nuclear membrane disappears during prophase, not telophase.

Which process occurs during prophase of mitosis in an animal cell?

Solution

During prophase of mitosis, chromosomes condense and become visible.

Sequence of physiological changes by which cell commit suicide.

Solution

Apoptosis is the process of programmed cell death, often referred to as cell suicide.

Choose the incorrect statement regarding meiosis.

Solution

Meiosis produces gametes, not somatic cells.

A type of cell division in which spore mother cell produce spores.

Solution

Spore mother cells produce spores through mitosis.

Stage of mitosis in which chromatids reach the poles and their movement ceases.

Solution

During anaphase, chromatids move to the poles and their movement ceases.

Stage of meiosis in which centromeres shorten and the paired chromatids are pulled away from one another.

Solution

During anaphase-II of meiosis, centromeres shorten and paired chromatids are pulled apart.

Phenomenon in which pair of homologous chromosome fails to separate called.

Solution

Non-disjunction is the phenomenon where homologous chromosomes fail to separate during meiosis.

The two chromatids of a chromosome are joined at the:

Solution

The two chromatids of a chromosome are joined at the centromere.

Chromosomes similar in shape and size are called:

Solution

Chromosomes similar in shape and size are called homologous pairs.

Chromosomes with one very short arm and one long arm are termed:

Solution

Chromosomes with one very short arm and one long arm are termed acrocentric.

The two identical copies of a chromosome are called:

Solution

The two identical copies of a chromosome are called chromatids.

Which phase involves cell growth and enzyme synthesis?

Solution

The G1 phase involves cell growth and enzyme synthesis.

In animals, meiosis is responsible for producing:

Solution

In animals, meiosis is responsible for producing gametes.

During which phase do homologous chromosomes align at the spindle equator?

Solution

Homologous chromosomes align at the spindle equator during metaphase.

Cell death due to external factors is known as:

Solution

Cell death due to external factors is known as necrosis.

Who introduced the term "chromosome"?

Solution

Walther Fleming introduced the term "chromosome".

Chromosomes are primarily composed of:

Solution

Chromosomes are primarily composed of DNA and histone proteins.

Which is NOT a type of chromosome?

Solution

Aerocentric is not a type of chromosome.

The correct sequence of phases in the cell cycle's interphase is:

Solution

The correct sequence of phases in the cell cycle's interphase is G1, S, G2.

Mitosis results in:

Solution

Mitosis results in two genetically identical diploid cells.

Meiosis in plants occurs in:

Solution

Meiosis in plants occurs in spore mother cells.

Non-disjunction during meiosis leads to:

Solution

Non-disjunction during meiosis leads to gametes with abnormal chromosome numbers.

Programmed cell death essential for development is called:

Solution

Programmed cell death essential for development is called apoptosis.

Which phase is NOT part of the cell cycle's interphase?

Solution

The M phase is not part of the cell cycle's interphase.

Meiotic errors like non-disjunction are linked to:

Solution

Meiotic errors like non-disjunction are linked to Down syndrome.

Which type of chromosome has a centromere at its end?

Solution

Telocentric chromosomes have a centromere at their end.

Metacentric chromosomes are characterized by:

Solution

Metacentric chromosomes are characterized by equal arms on either side of the centromere.

What are sister chromatids?

Solution

Sister chromatids are genetically identical copies attached during cell division.

Acrocentric chromosomes have:

Solution

Acrocentric chromosomes have one very short and one very long arm.

What role does chromatin play in the cell?

Solution

Chromatin condenses DNA to fit inside the nucleus.

Which structure ensures genetic diversity during cell division?

Solution

Chromatids ensure genetic diversity during cell division.

Which phase of the cell cycle is a period of non-division?

Solution

Interphase is a period of non-division in the cell cycle.

During which sub-phase does DNA replication occur?

Solution

DNA replication occurs during the S-phase.

The G₀ phase is a resting stage that occurs in which sub-phase?

Solution

The G₀ phase is a resting stage that occurs in the G₁-phase.

What happens during the G₂ phase?

Solution

During the G₂ phase, cell growth and organelle replication occur.

Which phase is also called the "pre-mitotic phase"?

Solution

The G₂-phase is also called the "pre-mitotic phase".

What is the primary function of the S-phase?

Solution

The primary function of the S-phase is DNA replication.

Which of these sequences correctly represents the stages of Interphase?

Solution

The correct sequence of stages in Interphase is G₁ → S → G₂.

Cells may permanently exit the cell cycle and enter the ________ phase.

Solution

Cells may permanently exit the cell cycle and enter the G₀ phase.

Which process is NOT part of Interphase?

Solution

Chromosome separation is not part of Interphase.

During which phase do chromosomes align at the cell's equator?

Solution

During metaphase, chromosomes align at the cell's equator.

Which structure is absent in plant cells during mitosis?

Solution

Centrioles are absent in plant cells during mitosis.

What triggers the separation of sister chromatids in anaphase?

Solution

The contraction of spindle fibres triggers the separation of sister chromatids in anaphase.

How does cytokinesis differ between plant and animal cells?

Solution

Animal cells develop a constriction during cytokinesis, while plant cells form a cell plate.

Which process is NOT a significance of mitosis?

Solution

Genetic variation is not a significance of mitosis; it is a result of meiosis.

During prophase, each chromosome is composed of:

Solution

During prophase, each chromosome is composed of two chromatids.

Nuclear membranes reappear around daughter nuclei during:

Solution

Nuclear membranes reappear around daughter nuclei during telophase.

Which process is described as "programmed cell suicide"?

Solution

Apoptosis is described as "programmed cell suicide".

Necrosis is caused by:

Solution

Necrosis is caused by external factors like infection or toxins.

Which example illustrates apoptosis?

Solution

The deletion of the tail in a human embryo illustrates apoptosis.

Necrosis is best defined as:

Solution

Necrosis is best defined as accidental cell death due to external injury.

Which term is synonymously used for apoptosis?

Solution

Self-Destruction is synonymously used for apoptosis.

The removal of tissue between developing digits occurs via:

Solution

The removal of tissue between developing digits occurs via apoptosis.

Which factor is NOT associated with necrosis?

Solution

Genetic programming is not associated with necrosis.

Why is cell death considered "programmed"?

Solution

Cell death is considered "programmed" because it is regulated by extracellular signals.

What is the primary purpose of meiosis?

Solution

The primary purpose of meiosis is the reduction of chromosome number by half to form gametes.

During which sub-stage of Prophase I does crossing over occur?

Solution

Crossing over occurs during the Pachytene sub-stage of Prophase I.

Non-disjunction during meiosis results in:

Solution

Non-disjunction during meiosis results in gametes with abnormal chromosome numbers.

Meiosis contributes to genetic variation primarily through:

Solution

Meiosis contributes to genetic variation primarily through crossing over and independent assortment.

Terminalization of chiasmata occurs during:

Solution

Terminalization of chiasmata occurs during Diakinesis.

After Meiosis I, the chromosome number in daughter cells is:

Solution

After Meiosis I, the chromosome number in daughter cells is haploid (n).

Synapsis refers to:

Solution

Synapsis refers to the pairing of homologous chromosomes.

Homologous chromosomes separate during:

Solution

Homologous chromosomes separate during Anaphase I.

In the absence of meiosis, offspring would:

Solution

In the absence of meiosis, offspring would inherit double the chromosome number each generation.