The springs in brakes and clutches are used:
Solution:
Springs in brakes and clutches are primarily used to restore the original position after the force is removed.
If the material recovers the original dimensions when an external force is removed, this deformation is known as..........deformation.
Solution:
Elastic deformation refers to the temporary change in shape or size of a material when a force is applied, which returns to its original dimensions once the force is removed.
Which of the following material is more elastic?
Solution:
Steel is more elastic than rubber, glass, and wood because it can withstand greater stress and return to its original shape.
If a spring stretches easily then its spring constant has______
Solution:
A spring that stretches easily has a small spring constant, indicating it is less stiff.
What is the unit for the spring constant?
Solution:
The unit for the spring constant \( k \) is Newtons per meter (N/m).
Which of the following is not a unit of pressure?
Solution:
Newton is a unit of force, not pressure. Units of pressure include Pascal, Bar, and Atmosphere.
If a metal block applies a force of 20 N on an area of 5 cm². Find the pressure being applied by the block on the area of______
Solution:
Pressure is calculated as \( P = \frac{F}{A} \). So, \( P = \frac{20 \, \text{N}}{5 \, \text{cm}^2} = 4 \, \text{N/cm}^2 \).
What type of deformation occurs when an object is stretched?
Solution:
Tensile deformation occurs when an object is stretched, causing it to elongate.
When does an elastic change occur?
Solution:
An elastic change occurs when an object returns to its original shape after the load is removed.
What does Hooke's Law state about extension and load?
Solution:
Hooke's Law states that the extension of a spring is proportional to the load applied, within the elastic limit.
What is the shape of the extension vs. load graph up to the limit of proportionality?
Solution:
The extension vs. load graph is a straight line up to the limit of proportionality, indicating a linear relationship.
Which formula represents Hooke's Law?
Solution:
The formula representing Hooke's Law is \( F = kx \), where \( F \) is the force, \( k \) is the spring constant, and \( x \) is the extension.
When is pressure greatest?
Solution:
Pressure is greatest when a large force is applied to a small area, as pressure is defined as force per unit area.
Which factors increase pressure in a fluid?
Solution:
Pressure in a fluid increases with higher depth and higher density.
What equation calculates fluid pressure?
Solution:
The equation for fluid pressure is \( P = d \cdot \rho \cdot g \), where \( d \) is the depth, \( \rho \) is the density, and \( g \) is the acceleration due to gravity.
Which law states that liquids transmit pressure equally in all directions?
Solution:
Pascal’s Law states that pressure applied to a fluid is transmitted equally in all directions.
Hydraulic machines operate by transmitting force using:
Solution:
Hydraulic machines operate by transmitting force using liquids under pressure.
Which of the following are effects of force?
Solution:
Force can change an object’s motion and shape.
What happens when a spring is stretched and then released?
Solution:
When a spring is stretched and then released, it returns to its original shape due to its elastic properties.
Pressure is defined as:
Solution:
Pressure is defined as force per unit area, so the correct formula is \( \text{Pressure} = \frac{\text{Force}}{\text{Area}} \).
Hydraulic brakes in vehicles work based on the principle of:
Solution:
Hydraulic brakes in vehicles work based on the principle of fluid pressure.
Force is best defined as a:
Solution:
Force is best defined as a push or pull that changes an object’s motion, direction, or shape.
Elastic behavior in solids refers to:
Solution:
Elastic behavior in solids refers to returning to the original shape after the force is removed.
What happens when excessive force is applied to a solid?
Solution:
When excessive force is applied to a solid, it can permanently deform or break.
The correct formula for pressure is:
Solution:
The correct formula for pressure is \( \text{Pressure} = \frac{\text{Force}}{\text{Area}} \).
The increase in length of a spring due to an applied load is called:
Solution:
The increase in length of a spring due to an applied load is called extension.
If a spring’s original length is 20 cm and it stretches by 8 cm under a load, what is its final length?
Solution:
The final length of the spring is the original length plus the extension, so \( 20 \, \text{cm} + 8 \, \text{cm} = 28 \, \text{cm} \).
What does the linear portion of a load-extension graph indicate?
Solution:
The linear portion of a load-extension graph indicates that the extension increases proportionally with the load, following Hooke's Law.
What happens when a spring is loaded beyond its elastic limit?
Solution:
When a spring is loaded beyond its elastic limit, it undergoes permanent deformation and does not return to its original length.
Who first described the mathematical pattern of stretching a spring?
Solution:
Robert Hooke first described the mathematical pattern of stretching a spring, known as Hooke's Law.
Hooke's Law states that within the elastic limit, the displacement produced in a spring is:
Solution:
Hooke's Law states that within the elastic limit, the displacement produced in a spring is directly proportional to the applied force.
What is the correct mathematical expression of Hooke's Law?
Solution:
The correct mathematical expression of Hooke's Law is \( F = kx \), where \( F \) is the force, \( k \) is the spring constant, and \( x \) is the displacement.
The spring constant \( k \) represents the:
Solution:
The spring constant \( k \) represents the stiffness of the spring.
The elastic limit is defined as the:
Solution:
The elastic limit is defined as the maximum force a material can withstand without permanent deformation.
What are the units of the spring constant \( k \)?
Solution:
The units of the spring constant \( k \) are Newtons per meter (N/m).
A spring with \( k = 25 \, \text{N/m} \) stretches by 3 m. What force is applied?
Solution:
Using Hooke's Law \( F = kx \), the force applied is \( F = 25 \, \text{N/m} \times 3 \, \text{m} = 75 \, \text{N} \).
Hooke's Law is applicable to:
Solution:
Hooke's Law is applicable to solids, liquids, and gases within the elastic limit.
Why does a sharp drawing pin penetrate wood easily?
Solution:
A sharp drawing pin penetrates wood easily because the reduced area increases the pressure, making it easier to penetrate.
Pressure is calculated as:
Solution:
Pressure is calculated as force per unit area, so the correct formula is \( \text{Pressure} = \frac{\text{Force}}{\text{Area}} \).
The SI unit of pressure is:
Solution:
The SI unit of pressure is Pascal (Pa).
Why do ice skates melt ice below them?
Solution:
Ice skates melt the ice below them because high pressure reduces the melting point of ice.
Fluid pressure acts:
Solution:
Fluid pressure acts in all directions equally.
Pressure at a depth in a fluid depends on:
Solution:
Pressure at a depth in a fluid depends on the depth and the density of the fluid.
Calculate pressure at 3m depth in water (\( \rho = 1000 \, \text{kg/m}^3 \), \( g = 10 \, \text{m/s}^2 \)):
Solution:
Using the formula \( P = d \cdot \rho \cdot g \), the pressure at 3m depth in water is \( 3 \, \text{m} \times 1000 \, \text{kg/m}^3 \times 10 \, \text{m/s}^2 = 30,000 \, \text{Pa} \).
Pascal’s law states that pressure applied to a fluid is transmitted:
Solution:
Pascal’s law states that pressure applied to a fluid is transmitted equally in all directions.
In a hydraulic press, if \( A_2 = 5A_1 \), then \( F_2 \) is:
Solution:
In a hydraulic press, if \( A_2 = 5A_1 \), then \( F_2 = 5F_1 \) because pressure is transmitted equally and force is proportional to the area.
1 atmosphere equals:
Solution:
1 atmosphere equals \( 1.013 \times 10^5 \, \text{Pa} \).
Density’s role in pressure:
Solution:
Higher density results in higher pressure because pressure in a fluid is directly proportional to the density.