The life sustaining envelope of the Earth is:
The biosphere is the global ecological system integrating all living beings and their relationships, including their interaction with the elements of the lithosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere.
The group of organisms that belongs to the same species living in a particular area is called:
A population is a group of individuals of the same species that live in the same geographic area and can interbreed.
An area where a community interacts with a non-living environment is called:
An ecosystem consists of all the living organisms in a particular area, along with the non-living (abiotic) components of their environment, interacting as a system.
Any biological region recognized by its climate or vegetation is called:
A biome is a large community of vegetation and wildlife adapted to a specific climate.
The transfer of food material from producers through some organisms with repeated eating and being eaten is called:
A food chain is a linear sequence of organisms where each is eaten by the next member in the chain.
The elements in the ecosystem recycle through organisms with the environment is called:
Biogeochemical cycles are pathways by which chemicals move through both biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) compartments of Earth.
The process where the nitrogenous compounds of living organisms convert into nitrates is called:
Nitrification is the biological oxidation process of ammonia or ammonium to nitrite followed by the oxidation of the nitrite to nitrate.
The cold war between the organisms of a community occupying the same habitat is called:
Competition is the rivalry between organisms for resources such as food, territory, or mates.
The association between two different types of organisms which get benefit from each other and cannot live without each other is called:
Mutualism is a type of symbiotic relationship where both organisms involved benefit from the association and may be unable to survive without it.
The amount of solid waste or concentration of gases other than oxygen increases in the atmosphere is called:
Air pollution is the introduction of chemicals, particulate matter, or biological materials that cause harm or discomfort to humans or other living organisms, or cause damage to the natural environment into the atmosphere.
The scientific study of the relationship between organisms and their environment is called:
Ecology is the scientific study of the relationships between organisms and their environment.
What is an Ecosystem?
An ecosystem consists of all the living organisms and the non-living components in a specific area, interacting with each other.
Life-sustaining envelope of Earth is known as:
The biosphere is the global ecological system integrating all living beings and their relationships.
A group of organisms of the same species living in a particular area is called:
A population is a group of organisms of the same species living in a particular geographic area.
Which of the following are abiotic components of an ecosystem?
Abiotic components are non-living chemical and physical parts of the environment, such as water.
Biotic components include:
Biotic components include living organisms such as producers and consumers.
In an ecosystem, energy flows through:
Energy flows through an ecosystem via the food chain, from producers to various levels of consumers.
The continuous cycling of elements through organisms and the environment is known as:
The biogeochemical cycle involves the movement of chemical elements between living organisms and the environment.
Herbivores form relationships mainly with:
Herbivores primarily interact with producers, which are plants, as they feed on them.
Intraspecific competition occurs between:
Intraspecific competition occurs between members of the same species competing for resources.
The relationship in which one organism benefits while the other is unaffected is called:
Commensalism is a relationship where one organism benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed.
Mutualism is a relationship in which:
Mutualism is a symbiotic relationship where both organisms involved benefit from the association.
Greenhouse effect is caused due to:
The greenhouse effect is caused by gases trapping heat in the Earth's atmosphere, leading to increased temperatures.
The process of cutting or destroying forests is known as:
Deforestation is the process of cutting or destroying forests, often leading to environmental damage.
Excess growth of algae due to nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus is called:
Eutrophication is the excessive growth of algae due to an oversupply of nutrients, which can disrupt aquatic ecosystems.
Which of the following is NOT an abiotic component of the environment?
Fungi are biotic components as they are living organisms, unlike soil, water, and temperature which are abiotic.
What is the place called where an organism lives?
A habitat is the natural environment where an organism lives.
A group of organisms of the same species living in a specific area is called a:
A population is a group of organisms of the same species living in a specific area.
Which component of an ecosystem includes sunlight, temperature, and rainfall?
Abiotic components include non-living factors like sunlight, temperature, and rainfall.
Which factor is most essential for the process of photosynthesis?
Light is essential for photosynthesis as it provides the energy needed to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen.
Organisms that prepare their own food using light energy are called:
Producers, such as plants, prepare their own food using light energy through the process of photosynthesis.
A grasshopper feeding on plant leaves is an example of a:
A grasshopper feeding on plant leaves is a primary consumer because it eats producers (plants).
Which of the following is a tertiary consumer?
An eagle is a tertiary consumer as it feeds on other carnivores, which are secondary consumers.
What is the role of decomposers in an ecosystem?
Decomposers recycle nutrients by breaking down dead organic matter, returning vital nutrients to the ecosystem.
What is the primary source of energy for all life activities in an ecosystem?
Sunlight is the primary source of energy for all life activities in an ecosystem, driving photosynthesis in plants.
Which organisms first capture solar energy in an ecosystem?
Producers, such as plants and algae, first capture solar energy through the process of photosynthesis.
What is the correct order of energy transfer in a food chain?
The correct order of energy transfer in a food chain is from producers to primary consumers, then to secondary consumers, and finally to tertiary consumers.
What is the term for each step in the transfer of energy through a food chain?
Each step in the transfer of energy through a food chain is called a trophic level.
What is a food chain?
A food chain is a linear sequence of organisms where each is eaten by the next member in the chain.
What is a food web?
A food web is a complex network of interconnected food chains in an ecosystem, showing how energy flows through different organisms.
Why does each level in the pyramid of biomass have less biomass than the level below?
Each level in the pyramid of biomass has less biomass due to energy loss at each trophic level, primarily through metabolic processes.
In the carbon cycle, how is carbon dioxide returned to the atmosphere?
Carbon dioxide is returned to the atmosphere primarily through the process of respiration by living organisms.
Which of these activities contributes to increasing atmospheric CO₂?
Burning fossil fuels releases stored carbon, contributing significantly to increasing atmospheric CO₂ levels.
Which group of organisms absorbs carbon dioxide from the atmosphere?
Green plants absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere during the process of photosynthesis.
Which step in the nitrogen cycle converts atmospheric nitrogen into nitrates?
Nitrogen fixation is the process that converts atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia or related nitrogenous compounds, which can then be converted into nitrates.
What kind of bacteria live in the root nodules of leguminous plants for nitrogen fixation?
Nitrogen-fixing bacteria live in the root nodules of leguminous plants and are responsible for converting atmospheric nitrogen into a form that plants can use.
What is the process of converting ammonia or nitrates back into free nitrogen gas called?
Denitrification is the process that converts nitrates into free nitrogen gas, completing the nitrogen cycle.
Which type of bacteria are involved in converting nitrogen compounds into nitrates?
Nitrifying bacteria convert ammonia into nitrites and then into nitrates during the nitrogen cycle.
Which process in the nitrogen cycle helps dead organisms' nitrogen return to the soil?
Ammonification is the process where nitrogen from dead organisms is converted into ammonia, returning it to the soil.
How do cyanobacteria contribute to the nitrogen cycle?
Cyanobacteria contribute to the nitrogen cycle by fixing atmospheric nitrogen into a form usable by other organisms.
What type of relationship exists when two organisms of the same species compete for food or a mate?
Intraspecific competition occurs when members of the same species compete for resources such as food or mates.
Which of the following is a correct example of a predator plant?
The Venus flytrap is an example of a predator plant that captures and digests insects.
In which type of symbiotic relationship is one organism harmed while the other benefits?
Parasitism is a symbiotic relationship where one organism benefits at the expense of the other, which is harmed.
Which of the following is an example of mutualism?
Rhizobium bacteria in the roots of leguminous plants is an example of mutualism where both the bacteria and the plant benefit.
What role do predators play in an ecosystem?
Predators help control the population of prey species, maintaining the balance within an ecosystem.
What is the host in a parasitic relationship?
In a parasitic relationship, the host is the organism that is harmed by the parasite.
Which of the following statements best describes commensalism?
Commensalism is best described as a relationship where one organism benefits and the other is unaffected.
Which of the following is an ectoparasite?
Helminthic worms are an example of ectoparasites that live on the surface of their host.
Which gases are primarily responsible for the greenhouse effect?
CO₂ and Methane are the primary gases responsible for the greenhouse effect, trapping heat in the Earth's atmosphere.
Which gases lead to acid rain when mixed with rainwater?
Gases such as CO₂, SO₂, and NO₂ can lead to acid rain when they dissolve in rainwater, forming acidic solutions.
Which of the following is a consequence of deforestation?
Deforestation often leads to soil erosion and increased risk of flooding due to the loss of tree roots that hold soil in place.
What is the effect of CFCs on the ozone layer?
CFCs (Chlorofluorocarbons) deplete the ozone layer by breaking down ozone (O₃) molecules into oxygen (O₂), reducing the ozone's ability to absorb UV radiation.
Which of the following is a renewable resource?
Forests are considered renewable resources because they can be replenished naturally over time.