An object with particles close together and vibrating describes a
Solution:
In a solid, particles are closely packed and vibrate in fixed positions.
A burning candle is an example of which state of matter?
Solution:
A burning candle exhibits all three states: solid wax, liquid wax, and gaseous vapors.
During which process does a gas become a liquid?
Solution:
Condensation is the process where a gas becomes a liquid.
A solid can
Solution:
Solids have a fixed shape due to the strong intermolecular forces holding particles in fixed positions.
According to the kinetic molecular theory, the pressure exerted by a gas is caused by the
Solution:
Gas pressure is caused by the bombardment of gas molecules on the walls of the container.
If a gas is heated in a sealed cylinder, then what increases?
Solution:
Heating a gas increases the pressure, average kinetic energy, and temperature.
A gas in a container of fixed volume is heated. What happens to the molecules of the gas?
Solution:
Heating a gas increases the kinetic energy of its molecules, causing them to move faster.
In a liquid, some energetic molecules break free from the surface even when the liquid is too cold for bubbles to form. What is the name of this process?
Solution:
Evaporation is the process where molecules escape from the surface of a liquid at temperatures below boiling.
What happens to the molecules of a gas when the gas changes into a liquid?
Solution:
When a gas changes into a liquid, molecules move closer together and lose energy.
How many primary states does matter exist in?
Solution:
Matter exists in three primary states: solid, liquid, and gas.
The kinetic molecular theory explains the behavior of matter based on:
Solution:
The kinetic molecular theory explains matter behavior based on both molecular arrangement and movement.
According to the kinetic molecular theory, molecules in a substance are:
Solution:
Molecules in a substance are always in continuous random motion according to the kinetic molecular theory.
When do attractive forces between molecules become strong?
Solution:
Attractive forces between molecules become strong when molecules are close to each other.
What causes a change in the state of matter?
Solution:
A change in the state of matter is caused by a change in intermolecular forces.
Boyle’s law describes the relationship between which two properties of a gas?
Solution:
Boyle’s law describes the relationship between pressure and volume of a gas at constant temperature.
According to Boyle’s law, pressure and volume of a gas are:
Solution:
According to Boyle’s law, pressure and volume of a gas are inversely proportional at constant temperature.
Which equation represents Boyle’s law?
Solution:
The equation representing Boyle’s law is \( P_1V_1 = P_2V_2 \).
Which state has a fixed shape and volume?
Solution:
A solid has a fixed shape and volume due to strong intermolecular forces.
Gases are highly compressible because:
Solution:
Gases are highly compressible because their particles are far apart.
Which state has the highest density?
Solution:
Solids have the highest density due to closely packed particles.
Conversion of liquid to gas at its boiling point is called:
Solution:
The conversion of liquid to gas at its boiling point is called boiling.
Brownian motion explains:
Solution:
Brownian motion explains the random motion of particles in a fluid.
In solids, particles:
Solution:
In solids, particles vibrate in fixed positions due to strong intermolecular forces.
Water is unique because its solid form is:
Solution:
Water is unique because its solid form (ice) is less dense than its liquid form.
Which process involves a physical change?
Solution:
Melting ice involves a physical change as it transitions from solid to liquid without altering its chemical composition.
Solids have a fixed shape and volume due to:
Solution:
Solids have a fixed shape and volume due to strong intermolecular forces and vibrational motion of particles.
Heating a solid directly leads to:
Solution:
Heating a solid directly leads to melting, where it transitions from solid to liquid.
Cooling a gas into a liquid is called:
Solution:
Cooling a gas into a liquid is called condensation.
Which property is common to liquids and gases?
Solution:
Both liquids and gases have the ability to flow, unlike solids.
Mercury is unique because it is:
Solution:
Mercury is unique because it is the only metal that is liquid at room temperature.
What happens when a liquid is cooled?
Solution:
Cooling a liquid typically results in it freezing into a solid.
What causes gas pressure according to the kinetic molecular theory?
Solution:
Gas pressure is caused by the collisions of gas molecules with the walls of the container.
Boyle’s law states that at constant temperature, gas volume is:
Solution:
Boyle’s law states that at constant temperature, the volume of a gas is inversely proportional to its pressure.
Compressing a gas to half its original volume at constant temperature will:
Solution:
Compressing a gas to half its original volume at constant temperature will double its pressure, according to Boyle’s law.
Temperature in gases is determined by:
Solution:
Temperature in gases is determined by the average translational kinetic energy of the molecules.
A gas at 140 kPa occupies 60 cm³. What is its volume at 420 kPa (constant temperature)?
Solution:
Using Boyle’s law \( P_1V_1 = P_2V_2 \), the new volume \( V_2 \) is calculated as follows:
\( 140 \, \text{kPa} \times 60 \, \text{cm}^3 = 420 \, \text{kPa} \times V_2 \)
\( V_2 = \frac{140 \times 60}{420} = 20 \, \text{cm}^3 \)
Which graph represents Boyle’s law correctly?
Solution:
A graph of Pressure vs. 1/Volume represents Boyle’s law as a straight line.
Gas volume increases when pressure decreases, provided:
Solution:
Gas volume increases when pressure decreases, provided the temperature remains constant, as per Boyle’s law.