712 to 1857: Muslim Rule in the Indian Subcontinent

Muhammad bin Qasim, a general in the Umayyad Caliphate, led the first Muslim invasion of India in 712 AD.

Muhammad bin Qasim captured the region of Sindh in 712 AD.

Qutb-ud-din Aibak, a general of Muhammad Ghori, founded the Delhi Sultanate and became its first ruler.

Razia Sultana was the first and only female ruler of the Delhi Sultanate, reigning from 1236 to 1240.

Iltutmish, the third ruler of the Delhi Sultanate, completed the construction of the Qutub Minar, which was started by Qutb-ud-din Aibak.

Muhammad bin Tughlaq transferred the capital from Delhi to Daulatabad, though it was later moved back to Delhi.

Ibrahim Lodi was the last ruler of the Delhi Sultanate, defeated by Babur in the First Battle of Panipat in 1526.

Babur, a descendant of Timur and Genghis Khan, founded the Mughal Empire after his victory at the First Battle of Panipat in 1526.

The First Battle of Panipat was fought between Babur and Ibrahim Lodi, marking the beginning of the Mughal Empire in India.

Shah Jahan built the Taj Mahal in memory of his wife Mumtaz Mahal. It is considered a masterpiece of Mughal architecture.

Alamgir II was the Mughal emperor during the Battle of Plassey in 1757, a significant event leading to British control in India.

The Second Battle of Panipat was fought between Akbar and Hemu, a general and chief minister of Adil Shah Suri.

Bahadur Shah Zafar was the Mughal emperor during the Revolt of 1857, also known as the Indian Rebellion of 1857.