Cellular organization of plants and animals

Robert Hooke was the first scientist to observe and name cells in 1665 while examining a thin slice of cork under a microscope.

All living things are made up of cells, which are the basic structural and functional units of life.

The basic unit of all living things is the cell, which performs all necessary functions to sustain life.

A microorganism is a tiny living thing that is usually too small to be seen with the naked eye and includes bacteria, viruses, and protozoa.

A microscope is used to see cells as it magnifies small objects, making them visible to the human eye.

The eyepiece of a microscope magnifies the image produced by the objective lens, allowing the observer to see a larger view of the specimen.

Stage clips on a microscope hold the slide in place on the stage, ensuring it doesn't move during observation.

Chlorophyll is the pigment in plants that traps sunlight and uses it to produce food through the process of photosynthesis.

The nucleus controls all the chemical reactions in both plant and animal cells by regulating gene expression and mediating the replication of DNA.

Chloroplasts are responsible for photosynthesis in plant cells, as they contain chlorophyll which captures light energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen.

Plant cells typically have one large central vacuole that occupies a significant portion of the cell's volume, whereas animal cells have many smaller vacuoles.

The cell wall gives a plant cell its firm shape and provides structural support and protection.

The cell wall is present only in plant cells and not in animal cells, providing structure and support.

The cell membrane controls what enters and leaves the cell, acting as a selective barrier to regulate the movement of substances.

Cytoplasm is best described as a jelly-like fluid where various cellular reactions and processes occur.

The nucleus is common to both plant and animal cells, serving as the control center for the cell.

Chlorophyll gives plant cells their green color and is essential for the process of photosynthesis.

The vacuole is the part of the cell that stores food, air, water, and other substances.

The plant cell wall is primarily made of cellulose, a complex carbohydrate that provides structural support.

Chloroplasts are not found in animal cells; they are specific to plant cells where they conduct photosynthesis.

Chromosomes are responsible for storing and transmitting genetic information in the form of DNA.

The cell wall determines the shape of a plant cell and provides structural support and protection.

Animal cells have irregular shapes because they do not have a rigid cell wall, allowing for more flexibility and varied forms.

Most of the chemical activity in a cell happens in the cytoplasm, where various metabolic reactions and processes occur.

The main job of chloroplasts is to conduct photosynthesis, making food for the plant using sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water.

A vacuole in plant cells mainly stores cell sap, which is a solution of sugars, salts, and other substances dissolved in water.

A unicellular organism is an organism that consists of a single cell, capable of performing all necessary life functions.

An eagle is a multicellular organism, composed of many cells that are specialized to perform different functions.

Chlamydomonas is a unicellular plant, a type of green algae that is capable of photosynthesis.

The coconut tree is incorrectly matched as a unicellular plant; it is actually a multicellular plant.

A tissue is a group of similar cells that work together to perform a specific function in an organism.

Photosynthetic tissue is not a type of animal tissue; it is found in plants and is involved in the process of photosynthesis.

Photosynthetic tissue in plants helps in photosynthesis by capturing light energy and converting it into chemical energy.

A red blood cell carries oxygen from the lungs to the body's tissues and returns carbon dioxide from the tissues back to the lungs.

Muscle tissue contracts to bring about movement, enabling various forms of locomotion and internal movements within the body.

An organ is formed by a group of different tissues working together to perform specific functions.

A leaf is a plant organ that is primarily involved in photosynthesis, the process by which plants make food using sunlight.

The liver stores nutrients, produces bile for digestion, and detoxifies chemicals, effectively removing waste from the body.

The heart pumps blood throughout the body, supplying oxygen and nutrients to tissues and removing carbon dioxide and other wastes.

The stem of a plant transports water, nutrients, and sugars, and provides structural support to hold the plant upright.

The leaf is called the food factory of the plant because it conducts photosynthesis, producing food for the plant.

The main role of roots in a plant is to absorb water and minerals from the soil, which are essential for the plant's growth and development.

The respiratory system is responsible for breathing in humans, facilitating the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide.

The gallbladder stores bile, a digestive fluid produced by the liver, and releases it into the small intestine to aid in digestion.

The nervous system includes the brain and spinal cord, which are responsible for processing and transmitting information throughout the body.

The kidneys filter blood in the human body, removing waste and extra fluid to form urine.

Flowers help in the reproduction of plants by facilitating pollination and the production of seeds.

An artery is part of the circulatory system, carrying oxygenated blood away from the heart to the body's tissues.

The petiole attaches the leaf to the stem, providing support and serving as a conduit for the transport of water, nutrients, and sugars.

The excretory system includes the ureter and urinary bladder, which are involved in the removal of waste and excess substances from the body.

The lungs help in oxygen exchange in humans, taking in oxygen and expelling carbon dioxide during the process of breathing.