Dispersion of Light

When light enters a right-angled prism, it can undergo total internal reflection if the angle of incidence is greater than the critical angle.

Dispersion is the term used for the splitting of white light into its component colours.

The critical angle of water is approximately \(48.6^\circ\).

Binoculars use prisms to help see distant objects clearly by reflecting and inverting the image.

An object appears black if it absorbs all seven colours of light.

Refraction is the bending of light when it passes from one medium to another.

A rainbow is formed due to the refraction of light through water droplets.

The refractive index \( n \) of a medium is given by \( n = \frac{c}{v} \), where \( c \) is the speed of light in vacuum and \( v \) is the speed of light in the medium.

The critical angle is the angle of incidence that results in an angle of refraction of \(90^\circ\).

Total internal reflection occurs when the angle of incidence is greater than the critical angle.

A mirage is an application of total internal reflection, where light bends through layers of air with different densities.

Binoculars and periscopes use total internal reflection to function by reflecting light through prisms.

When light passes through a prism, it splits into its seven component colors due to dispersion.

The band of seven colors produced by the dispersion of light is called a spectrum.

The primary colors of light are red, green, and blue.

When primary colors combine in equal intensity, they can form secondary colors or white light, depending on the context.

Grass appears green because it reflects green light and absorbs other colors.

White objects reflect all seven colors of light, which is why they appear white.

Black objects absorb all colors of white light, which is why they appear black.

Refraction of light is the bending of light as it passes from one medium to another due to a change in its speed.

When light travels from air to water, it bends towards the normal because water is a denser medium.

The direction of light changes due to a change in the speed of light as it moves between different mediums.

When light passes from water to air, it bends away from the normal because air is a less dense medium.

Diamond has the highest refractive index among the given options, which is why it sparkles more than other materials.

The speed of light is fastest in a vacuum because there are no particles to slow it down.

When the angle of incidence is equal to the critical angle, the angle of refraction is \(90^\circ\).

Total internal reflection occurs only when light travels from a denser medium to a rarer medium.

Binoculars use total internal reflection to invert and deviate light rays through prisms.

In a periscope, the mirrors are placed at a \(45^\circ\) angle to reflect light efficiently.

The phenomenon responsible for the mirage seen in deserts and on hot roads is total internal reflection.

Reflecting prisms in binoculars help in forming an erect image by reflecting the light rays.

Air has a lower refractive index compared to glass, which is why total internal reflection can occur when light travels from glass to air.

For light to reflect back in the same medium, the angle of incidence must be greater than the critical angle.

In the periscope, after light hits the top mirror, it reflects at the same \(45^\circ\) angle, allowing the viewer to see the image.

Optical fibers demonstrate total internal reflection by transmitting light through thin fibers with minimal loss.

Dispersion of light is the splitting of white light into its component colors.

A triangular prism is commonly used to observe the dispersion of light into its component colors.

White light splits into seven colors during dispersion.

The band of seven colors formed after dispersion is called a spectrum.

A rainbow is a natural phenomenon that shows the spectrum of sunlight.

Water droplets act as natural prisms to form a rainbow by refracting and dispersing sunlight.

Red has the longest wavelength in the visible spectrum.

The formation of a rainbow in the sky is caused by the dispersion of sunlight through water droplets.

Pink is not a component color of white light; the component colors are red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet.

Mixing red, green, and blue light in the correct intensity results in white light.

When white light falls on a non-luminous object, some colors are reflected and others are absorbed, giving the object its color.

A rose appears red in white light because it reflects red light and absorbs other colors.

An object appears black if it absorbs all component colors of light.

A red traffic light means stop.

Ambulances and fire brigades use red and yellow lights to signal an emergency.

Blue light is used in the treatment of newborns for jaundice treatment, as it helps to break down bilirubin.