Heredity in Organisms

Characteristics like attached earlobes and tongue rolling are genetic traits passed down from parents to offspring.

Chromosomes contain DNA, which carries the genetic information necessary for various cellular functions and inheritance.

There are two primary methods of cell division: mitosis and meiosis.

Mitosis is a method of cell division that results in two genetically identical daughter cells.

Meiosis is the second method of cell division, which reduces the chromosome number by half and is essential for sexual reproduction.

During prophase, chromosomes condense and become visible under a microscope.

The passing of characteristics from parents to offspring is known as heredity.

During mitosis, chromosomes separate into two identical sets, ensuring that each daughter cell receives the same genetic information.

Body cells, also known as somatic cells, divide by mitosis for growth and repair.

The main purpose of mitosis is growth and repair of body tissues.

Meiosis is also known as reduction division because it reduces the chromosome number by half.

During meiosis, the number of chromosomes is reduced to half to form haploid gametes.

Sex cells, or gametes, undergo meiosis to produce sperm and egg cells with half the chromosome number.

The process of passing traits from parents to offspring is called inheritance.

The basic unit of life in all multicellular organisms is the cell.

Cell division is the process that replaces dying cells in living organisms.

The division of the nucleus is called karyokinesis.

After karyokinesis, cytokinesis occurs, dividing the cytoplasm to form two separate daughter cells.

The cell that divides is called the parent cell.

Duplication of chromosomes occurs during the interphase stage of the cell cycle.

The two main types of cell division are mitosis and meiosis.

Mitosis occurs in somatic cells, which are body cells excluding reproductive cells.

Mitosis is responsible for growth and repair in the body.

Mitosis produces two daughter cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell.

The chromosome number in daughter cells after mitosis remains the same as the parent cell.

The correct order of mitotic phases is Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase.

Chromosomes become visible during the prophase stage of mitosis.

During metaphase, chromosomes attach to spindle fibers at their centromeres.

During anaphase, chromosomes move to opposite poles of the cell.

Chromosomes reach opposite poles during the telophase stage of mitosis.

The function of centrioles during mitosis is to form spindle fibers that help separate chromosomes.

Meiosis is also known as reduction division because it reduces the chromosome number by half.

Meiosis involves two nuclear divisions, resulting in four daughter cells.

The chromosome number in daughter cells after meiosis is half that of the parent cell.

Meiosis takes place in sex cells, producing gametes such as sperm and egg cells.

Meiosis II is similar to mitosis in that sister chromatids are separated.

After meiosis, four daughter cells are formed, each with half the chromosome number of the parent cell.

The chromosome number in a human body cell is 46, arranged in 23 pairs.

James Watson and Francis Crick proposed the first model of DNA in 1953.

The full form of DNA is Deoxyribonucleic Acid.

Chromosomes are located in the nucleus of a cell.

A typical chromosome consists of two chromatids joined at the centromere.

The point where two chromatids are joined is called the centromere.

Chromosomes in pairs are called homologous chromosomes.

The basic physical and functional unit of heredity is the gene.

Genes are located on chromosomes.

Chemically, chromosomes are made up of proteins and nucleic acids.

The structure of DNA is a double helix.

A nucleotide is made up of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

Quenine is not a correct DNA base. The correct DNA bases are Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, and Guanine.

In DNA, Adenine pairs with Thymine.

DNA stores genetic information necessary for the development, functioning, growth, and reproduction of organisms.

Heredity is the passing of physical traits from parents to offspring through genetic information.

The process of passing traits to the next generation is called inheritance.

Hair texture is a hereditary characteristic determined by genetic factors.

Children often resemble their parents due to heredity, as they inherit genetic information from them.

The number of chromosomes in similar organisms is fixed and characteristic of the species.

During gamete formation, the number of chromosomes is reduced to half through the process of meiosis.

When male and female gametes fuse, they form a zygote.

The chromosome number of a zygote is 2n, as it is formed by the fusion of two haploid gametes.

A zygote contains genes from both parents, as it is formed by the fusion of sperm and egg.

The genetic makeup of an offspring is formed as a mix of both parents' genes.

Eye color is an inheritable characteristic determined by genetic factors.

Gregor Mendel introduced the concept of inheritance of traits through his work on pea plants.

Rolling of the tongue is a trait that can be inherited from parents.

Egg and sperm cells are haploid, meaning they contain half the number of chromosomes found in somatic cells.