Human Organ System

The nervous system is primarily composed of neurons, which are the basic working units of the brain, a specialized type of cell that transmits nerve impulses.

The forebrain is called the cerebrum. It is responsible for a variety of functions including thought and action.

The central nervous system (CNS) is composed of the brain, spinal cord, and the nerves within these structures.

The main excretory organ is the kidney, which filters waste products from the blood and produces urine.

The replacement of a malfunctioning organ by a healthy organ is called transplantation.

The upper part of the bony head is called the skull, which encases and protects the brain.

The cerebrum is considered the top part of the brain and is responsible for higher brain functions, including thought and action.

The term "cerebellum" means "little brain." It is located under the cerebrum and is important for motor control.

The hindbrain is made up of the pons and the medulla oblongata, which are crucial for autonomic functions like breathing and heart rate.

The cerebrum is the largest part of the brain, responsible for various higher brain functions including cognition and sensory processing.

The extension of the brain through the vertebral column is called the spinal cord, which is crucial for transmitting information between the brain and the rest of the body.

Carbon dioxide is produced as a waste material during cellular respiration, which is the process by which cells generate energy.

The kidney is the main excretory organ in humans, responsible for filtering waste products from the blood and producing urine.

An artificial kidney machine is called a dialyzer. It is used to filter waste products from the blood in patients with kidney failure.

Acute kidney failure can be managed by dialysis, which helps to perform the function of the kidneys by filtering waste from the blood.

The nervous system is the main control system of the human body, regulating and coordinating body activities and responses to external stimuli.

The nervous system has three main parts: the central nervous system (CNS), the peripheral nervous system (PNS), and the autonomic nervous system.

The heart is not a part of the nervous system; it is a part of the circulatory system.

The brain is located in the skull, which provides protection and structural support.

The brain is made of nerve tissue, which consists of neurons and glial cells that support neural functions.

The brain is divided into three main parts: the cerebrum, the cerebellum, and the brainstem.

The cerebrum is also called the forebrain. It is responsible for cognitive functions such as thought and action.

Another name for the midbrain is the mesencephalon. It plays a role in motor movement and auditory/visual processing.

The brainstem is formed by the pons, medulla oblongata, and midbrain. It controls fundamental body functions such as breathing, heartbeat, and blood pressure.

Urea is a body waste product that is excreted by the kidneys. It is formed in the liver as a result of protein metabolism.

Urea is expelled from the body in the form of urine, which is produced by the kidneys and stored in the bladder before excretion.

The main organ of the urinary system is the kidney, which filters waste products from the blood to form urine.

The functional unit of the kidney is the nephron, which is responsible for filtering blood and producing urine.

Urine is passed from the kidney to the bladder through the ureter, a tube that connects the kidney to the bladder.

Microbial infections can cause kidney damage by leading to inflammation and impairing kidney function.

Dialysis is a treatment for kidney failure that involves filtering waste products from the blood when the kidneys are no longer able to perform this function.

The nervous system connects the brain to all parts of the body, allowing for communication and coordination of activities.

The nervous system has two main parts: the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS).

The brain is part of the central nervous system (CNS), along with the spinal cord. The CNS is responsible for processing and coordinating information.

The human brain is protected by the skull, a bony structure that encases the brain to provide physical protection.

The brain is made up of nerve tissue, which consists of neurons and supporting glial cells that facilitate neural communication and function.

The basic structural and functional unit of the nervous system is the neuron, which is responsible for transmitting nerve impulses.

The cerebrum is the largest part of the brain, responsible for higher brain functions such as thought and action.

The cerebrum controls thinking and memory. It is the largest part of the brain and is responsible for cognitive functions.

The thalamus is located inside the cerebrum. It acts as a relay station for sensory and motor signals to the cerebral cortex.

The hypothalamus regulates hunger and thirst, among other bodily functions. It plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis.

The midbrain controls visual reflexes and is involved in the regulation of motor movements and auditory processing.

The pons is concerned with facial expressions. It is part of the brainstem and plays a role in regulating breathing and relaying signals between different parts of the brain.

The cerebellum maintains body balance and coordinates voluntary movements. It is located under the cerebrum.

The medulla oblongata connects the brain to the spinal cord. It is responsible for autonomic functions such as breathing and heart rate.

The medulla oblongata controls involuntary reflexes such as breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure.

The spinal cord is an extension of the medulla oblongata, which is part of the brainstem. It transmits information between the brain and the rest of the body.

The spinal cord is housed within the vertebral column, which provides protection and structural support.

The Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) consists of nerves that branch from the central nervous system (CNS), including both sensory and motor nerves.

Sensory nerves carry messages to the brain and spinal cord. They are responsible for transmitting sensory information from various parts of the body to the central nervous system.

Motor nerves carry messages from the brain to organs and muscles, enabling voluntary and involuntary movements and functions.

The frontal lobe of the cerebral cortex controls problem solving and reasoning, as well as other higher cognitive functions.

The parietal lobe helps understand spoken and written language, and is involved in processing sensory information.

The occipital lobe processes visual information and is the primary visual processing center of the brain.

A reflex action is an automatic response to a stimulus that does not require conscious thought, often mediated by the spinal cord.

Walking is not an example of a reflex action; it is a voluntary movement that requires conscious control.

In a reflex action, the spinal cord receives the message from sensory nerves and coordinates the response without involving the brain.

In a reflex action, the spinal cord sends the message back to the muscle through motor neurons, enabling a rapid response.

Motor neurons carry the message from the spinal cord to the muscle in a reflex action, enabling movement or response.

In a reflex action, receptors detect the sensation or stimulus, initiating the reflex arc by sending signals to the spinal cord.

The neuron that carries information to the spinal cord is called a sensory neuron. It transmits sensory information from various parts of the body to the central nervous system.

The ventral root is connected to the motor neuron in the spinal cord. It carries motor information from the spinal cord to the muscles and glands.

The forebrain, particularly the cerebrum, controls voluntary actions. It is responsible for cognitive functions and conscious movements.

Running is a voluntary action, controlled by the conscious part of the brain, specifically the motor cortex in the cerebrum.

The hindbrain, which includes the medulla oblongata, pons, and cerebellum, is responsible for involuntary actions such as breathing and heart rate.

The nervous system is divided into the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The PNS consists of nerves that extend outside the CNS.

The somatic nervous system is responsible for voluntary actions, controlling skeletal muscles and enabling conscious movements.

The autonomic nervous system controls involuntary actions, regulating internal organs and glands to maintain homeostasis.

The sympathetic and parasympathetic systems are part of the autonomic nervous system, which regulates involuntary physiological functions.

The autonomic nervous system works without conscious control, regulating involuntary actions such as heart rate and digestion.

The process of removing waste materials from the body is called excretion. It involves organs like the kidneys, lungs, and skin.

The lungs remove carbon dioxide from the body through the process of respiration, exchanging it with oxygen.

A human body typically has two kidneys, which are responsible for filtering waste products from the blood and producing urine.

The renal artery supplies blood to the kidney, delivering oxygen and nutrients necessary for its function.

The renal vein carries blood away from the kidneys, returning filtered blood back to the circulatory system.

The heart is not a part of the excretory system; it is a part of the circulatory system, responsible for pumping blood throughout the body.

Urea is produced in the liver as a result of protein metabolism and the breakdown of amino acids.

The function of nephrons is to filter blood, removing waste products and excess substances to form urine.

Urine passes from the kidneys to the bladder through the ureter, a tube that connects each kidney to the bladder.

The urinary bladder stores urine temporarily before it is excreted from the body through the urethra.

The liver helps excrete excess amino acids as urea, which is then transported to the kidneys for excretion in urine.

The function of the urethra is to transport urine out of the body from the urinary bladder during urination.

Diabetes is a cause of kidney malfunction, as high blood sugar levels can damage the kidneys' filtering system over time.

Dialysis is the filtration of blood outside the body, used to remove waste and excess substances from the blood when the kidneys are not functioning properly.

The main principle behind dialysis is osmosis and diffusion, which allow waste products and excess fluids to move from the blood into a dialysis solution.

Substances like urea can pass through the dialysis membrane, allowing waste products to be removed from the blood during dialysis.

Carbon dioxide is a byproduct of respiration, produced as cells generate energy and subsequently expelled from the body through the lungs.

The role of the urinary bladder is to store urine temporarily until it is excreted from the body through the urethra.

Kidney stones that block the ureter or urethra are caused by calcification, where minerals in urine crystallize and form solid masses.